Infectious diseases are diseases that can be transmitted among people and become pandemic, which infect another person or animal species through various routes. Infectious diseases are a huge burden to the economics and healthcare around the world. The assessment of infectious diseases is usually by screening the potentially infected population. The assessment results can be used to judge the disease severity of patients and to monitor the activity of carriers, and can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination and disease treatment, which greatly reduces the waste of medical resources.
Clinical Significance
Two types of HIVs, HIV-1 and HIV-2, were confirmed to be the cause of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is a type of retrovirus, which is spread mainly by having sex, being exposed to blood or blood products, and mother-to-child transmission. Antibodies against HIV can be detected in both AIDS patients and asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals. AIDS is an infectious disease that is widely spread all over the world, which is extremely harmful to human health.In 2012, about 35 million people around the world carried HIV, which included ~17 million males and 16 million females. About 3 million of them were under 15 years old.
Syphilis is a chronic and systemic sexually-transmitted disease that is caused by treponema pallidum (TP) infection. It is spread mainly by having sex, mother-to-child transmission and exposure to blood.It is highly harmful to human health, which can basically damage all human tissues and organs. Syphilis during pregnancy can also result in premature birth, miscarriage, death and congenital syphilis.