Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most difficult malignancies to diagnose and treat. The most widely used and best validated marker for pancreatic cancer is CA 19-9. [1]CA 50 is a new tumor marker based on a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against a human colorectal carcinoma cell line. [2] The detection of serum tumor markers (CA19-9, CEA, CA125 and CA242) is conducive to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and joint detection of tumor markers helps improve the diagnostic efficiency. [3]
Clinical Significance
Although discovered 30 years ago, CA 19-9 remains the gold standard serum marker for patients with pancreatic cancer.[1] Follow-up using CA 19-9 and CA 50 is a simple and sensitive way of monitoring the postoperative course of patients with pancreatic cancer, and may give a lead time of several months for a recurrence compared to conventional methods.
CA242 and CA19-9 have better performance in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer than CEA. Furthermore, parallel combination pattern of CA19-9+CA242 could be considered of better diagnostic value for pancreatic cancer patients.[4]
CA50 is a glycolipid antigen that plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation. Subgroup analyses indicated that CA50 was the only tumor biomarker that was significantly correlated with long-term survival in CEA-normal CRC patients.[2]
Increased levels of the CA 19-9 and CA 125 markers in patients with pancreatic pathological abnormalities usually indicates a malignant nature of the lesion.[5]