Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is involved in blood lipids metabolism and is related to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, hyperlipidemia, etc. Due to DNA sequence-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation, there are three types of APOE: ε2 (Cys112, Cys158), ε3 (Cys112, Arg158), and ε4 (Arg112, Arg158). one of each pair inherited from each parent, so APOE dual genotype combinations have six types: ε2/ε2, ε2/ε3, ε2/ε4, ε3/ε3, ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4.
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is involved in blood lipids metabolism and is related to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, hyperlipidemia, etc. Due to DNA sequence-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation, there are three types of APOE: ε2 (Cys112, Cys158), ε3 (Cys112, Arg158), and ε4 (Arg112, Arg158). one of each pair inherited from each parent, so APOE dual genotype combinations have six types: ε2/ε2, ε2/ε3, ε2/ε4, ε3/ε3, ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4.
The Relationship with Alzheimer's disease
According to research, people with an ε4 have a risk of Alzheimer’s disease in their later years will be increased about 3-5 times, 5-15 times with the genotype ε4/ε4. The genotype of ε2 is uncommon, it might have the effect of antagonizing Alzheimer’s disease. APOE ε3 is the most common allele. Researchers believe that it plays a mild role in the disease and neither reduces nor increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.