Accidental contamination of a cell culture by bacteria, yeasts,fungi or mycoplasma leads to a rapid growthof the contaminating microorganism and to cell culture deterioration. In order to avoid this, all the handling procedures must be performed under aseptic conditions and usually a prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents is advantageous. When using antimicrobial agents in cell cultures, it is important to take into account their potential toxicity on the cells being cultured; it is therefore important to avoid high concentrations and to use these agents especially when there is a real risk of contamination, as is the case for primary cells culture derived from surgical specimens. The stability of antimicrobial agents in culture is limited, then sometimes is really necessary to replace the culture medium with fresh medium. Different antibiotics have different mechanism of action and also display variable spectra of activity, use mixtures of different antibiotics at the same time is a good approach and minimizes the risk of antibiotic resistant microorganisms emergence.