Bronchoscopy and tracheoscopy may be indicated in certain cases of bronchitis, coughing, pulmonary neoplasia, tracheal collapse, stridor and other abnormal breathing patterns. Both rigid and flexible endoscopes may be used.
Flexible endoscopes typically used for tracheobronchoscopy are available with 5.2 mm, 3.7 mm and 3.0 mm outer diameter.
Rigid bronchoscopes are available with a diameter of 2.9 mm and working length of 36 cm for cats and small dogs and with a diameter of 5.5 mm and working length of 54 cm for larger dogs.