PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF ULTRASOUND AND PRACTICAL CONSEQUENCES :
Like any wave propagated through the tissues, ultrasonic waves undergo phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffusion, absorption by the various tissues through which they pass.
☰ AIR :
At the high acoustic impedance, the US = & gt; Almost total reflection and warm-up at the interface with the tissues + reflected waves return towards the head at US = & gt; 1) Significant risk of burns - 2) Risk of damage to the head at US = & gt; Necessity of use of a conductive gel.
☰ SKIN :
The bristles form insulating air layers. = & Gt; areas of ultrasonic reflection and overheating = & gt; risk of burns - Loss of treatment effectiveness = & gt; Necessity to mow skin and degreasing with alcohol.
☰ INTERFACE :
The flow of sound waves is made to traverse, on the one hand, several interfaces between the tissues and, on the other hand, the tissues themselves, which may be of heterogeneous structure. At each interface, the flux undergoes reflection and diffraction phenomena which gradually attenuate its power (hence the efficiency) along its path to the target tissue => To minimize these phenomena, it is important that the flux is closest to the normal to these different planes. The US head must 1) have maximum contact with the skin (through the coupling gel 2) be held as perpendicularly as possible to the surfaces to be treated.