Activin A reagent 11348-AC series

for researchtissueprotein

Endotoxin Level - <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. Activity - Measured by its ability to induce hemoglobin expression in K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Schwall, R.H. et al. (1991) Method Enzymol. 198:340. The ED50 for this effect is 0.200‑1.20 ng/mL. Source - Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived Activin A protein N-terminal Sequence Analysis - Gly311 Structure / Form - Disulfide-linked homodimer Predicted Molecular Mass - 13 kDa (monomer) SDS-PAGE - 14 kDa, reducing conditions 24 kDa, non-reducing conditions Activin and Inhibin are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of cytokines and are involved in a wide range of biological processes including tissue morphogenesis and repair, fibrosis, inflammation, neural development, hematopoiesis, reproductive system function, and carcinogenesis (1‑7). Activin and Inhibin are produced as precursor proteins. Their amino terminal propeptides are proteolytically cleaved and facilitate formation of disulfide-linked dimers of the bioactive proteins (8, 9). Activins are nonglycosylated homodimers or heterodimers of various beta subunits ( beta A, beta B, beta C, and beta E in mammals), while Inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the beta subunits. Activin A is a widely expressed homodimer of two beta A chains. The beta A subunit can also heterodimerize with a beta B or beta C subunit to form Activin AB and Activin AC, respectively (10). The 14 kDa mature human beta A chain shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat beta A.