Tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis diseases caused by mycobacterial infections are highly infectious diseases that pose a serious threat to human health. They are prevalent worldwide and are among the key infectious diseases targeted for control globally. Due to the similarity in symptoms between tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis diseases, but with distinctly different treatment approaches, most non-tuberculous mycobacteria naturally exhibit resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. Furthermore, tuberculosis mycobacteria that undergo drug-resistant mutations can also develop resistance against anti-tuberculosis drugs. With the widespread use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, solid organ transplantation, immunosuppressive agents, chemotherapy drugs, and various interventional therapies, the incidence of invasive pulmonary fungal infections is gradually increasing. Clinically, patients with pulmonary fungal infections do not exhibit specific manifestations, making early diagnosis challenging. The condition is easily masked by underlying diseases, leading to misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis, and delayed treatment, resulting in high mortality rates. Therefore, accurate identification of mycobacterial infections in lung tissue, identification of invasive fungal infections, and correct detection of drug-resistant mutations in anti-tuberculosis drugs are crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
DETECTION METHOD
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is a novel soft ionization technique used for the analysis of biomolecules.