Monoclonal antibodies are derived from hybridoma cell lines, created by fusing mouse antibody producing B lymphocytes with mouse myeloma cells or are derived from a human cell line through EBV transformation. Each hybridoma cell line produces homogenous antibodies of only one immunoglobulin class, which are identical in their chemical structure and immunological activity.
Human red blood cells are classified as Rho (D) positive and Rho (D) negative depending upon the presence or absence of D (Rho) antigen on them. Approximately 85% of the Caucasian population are Rho (D) positive. The Du phenotype is a traditional definition to describe the weak / partial D’s that can be detected with Anti-D (Rho) (IgM+IgG). About 60% of the Du (weak / partial D’s) may react with Anti-D (Rho) (IgM+IgG) in slide tests and about 90% may be detected by tube technique.